The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, is one of the most debated topics in ancient history. Despite its remarkable achievements in urban planning, trade, metallurgy, and social organization, by around 1900 BCE, the major urban centers of the Harappan Civilization, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, began to … Read more
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, is one of the oldest urban civilizations in the world, contemporary to ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt. It flourished around the Indus River basin and its tributaries, covering parts of present-day Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. The civilization is named after the site of … Read more
Rock art and cave paintings are among the most significant forms of prehistoric expression in India. They provide valuable insights into the cognitive abilities, beliefs, rituals, and daily life of early human societies. These artistic creations serve as important archaeological evidence that helps us understand how early humans interacted with their environment, expressed themselves, and … Read more
The evolution of tools and technology marks one of the most significant aspects of prehistoric human life. Early humans in India, like in other parts of the world, developed tools as a response to their environment and survival needs. These tools evolved over time, becoming more sophisticated, reflecting advances in cognitive abilities, adaptation to environmental … Read more
Prehistoric India refers to the period in Indian history before the advent of written records. This era is broadly classified into three major phases based on the tools used, subsistence patterns, and technological advancements: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. 1. Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) The Paleolithic period is the earliest phase of human history, characterized … Read more