Here are 10 MCQs on the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, with answers and detailed explanations:
1. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the ecological significance of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve?
a) It serves primarily as a buffer zone for the Anamalai Tiger Reserve.
b) It is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a unique blend of tropical wet evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forests.
c) It is predominantly a monoculture plantation zone with limited natural forest cover.
d) It is known for its high concentration of exotic species, contributing to its ecological diversity.
Answer: b) It is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a unique blend of tropical wet evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forests.
Explanation: Parambikulam is a crucial biodiversity hotspot due to its diverse forest types, which support a wide array of flora and fauna. While it borders Anamalai, it has its own distinct ecological character. It’s not a monoculture zone, and while it has some non-native species, its significance lies in its native biodiversity.
2. The “Plachimada Struggle” is historically linked to the region bordering the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve. Which environmental concern was central to this struggle?
a) Deforestation for timber extraction within the reserve.
b) Excessive groundwater depletion and pollution by a bottling plant.
c) Poaching of tigers and other wildlife within the reserve.
d) The impact of large-scale hydroelectric projects on the ecosystem.
Answer: b) Excessive groundwater depletion and pollution by a bottling plant.
Explanation: The Plachimada Struggle was a significant environmental protest against Coca-Cola’s bottling plant, which was accused of over-extracting groundwater and polluting local water sources. This struggle highlights the broader water security issues affecting the region bordering Parambikulam.
3. The Parambikulam Tiger Reserve is home to several indigenous communities. Which of the following is a key aspect of their traditional ecological knowledge in relation to the reserve?
a) Reliance on modern agricultural practices for sustenance.
b) Use of fire as a primary tool for forest management.
c) Sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and traditional resource management practices.
d) Exclusive dependence on external markets for livelihood.
Answer: c) Sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and traditional resource management practices.
Explanation: Indigenous communities in Parambikulam have a deep understanding of the forest ecosystem. They have traditionally relied on sustainable harvesting of NTFPs like honey, bamboo, and medicinal plants, and their traditional knowledge is crucial for conservation efforts.
4. The “Canopy Walk” in Parambikulam is primarily designed to enhance:
a) Wildlife viewing opportunities for tourists.
b) Scientific research on arboreal species.
c) Environmental education and awareness about the forest ecosystem.
d) Infrastructure development for tourism.
Answer: c) Environmental education and awareness about the forest ecosystem.
Explanation: The Canopy Walk is designed to provide a unique perspective of the forest canopy, promoting awareness and understanding of the ecosystem. While it may offer wildlife viewing opportunities, its primary purpose is educational.
5. Which river system is crucial for the hydrological balance of the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve?
a) Cauvery River System
b) Periyar River System
c) Bharathapuzha River System
d) Godavari River System
Answer: c) Bharathapuzha River System
Explanation: The Parambikulam-Aliyar Project, which includes the Parambikulam reservoir, is part of the Bharathapuzha river basin. This river system is vital for the water resources and ecological integrity of the reserve.
6. The Parambikulam Tiger Reserve has been identified as a significant habitat for which vulnerable primate species?
a) Lion-tailed macaque
b) Golden langur
c) Nilgiri langur
d) Bonnet macaque
Answer: a) Lion-tailed macaque
Explanation: The Lion-tailed macaque, an endangered primate endemic to the Western Ghats, finds a crucial habitat in Parambikulam. The reserve’s diverse forests provide the necessary ecological conditions for their survival.
7. Which of the following conservation initiatives is specifically aimed at mitigating human-wildlife conflict within the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve?
a) Establishment of artificial waterholes for wildlife.
b) Implementation of eco-development programs for local communities.
c) Introduction of exotic wildlife species for tourism.
d) Large-scale deforestation to create buffer zones.
Answer: b) Implementation of eco-development programs for local communities.
Explanation: Eco-development programs aim to provide alternative livelihoods and reduce the dependence of local communities on forest resources, thereby mitigating human-wildlife conflict. This approach is more sustainable than the other options.
8. The “Parambikulam-Aliyar Project” has had both positive and negative impacts on the reserve. Which of the following is a potential negative impact?
a) Increased water availability for wildlife.
b) Habitat fragmentation and disruption of natural river flow.
c) Enhanced tourism and economic benefits for local communities.
d) Improved monitoring of wildlife populations.
Answer: b) Habitat fragmentation and disruption of natural river flow.
Explanation: Large-scale water projects like the Parambikulam-Aliyar Project can lead to habitat fragmentation, altered river flow regimes, and changes in the ecosystem, despite their benefits for irrigation and power generation.
9. The “Giant Kannimara Teak” found in Parambikulam is significant due to its:
a) Medicinal properties.
b) Exceptional age and size.
c) Commercial value as timber.
d) Role in carbon sequestration.
Answer: b) Exceptional age and size.
Explanation: The Giant Kannimara Teak is renowned for its immense size and age, making it a natural landmark and a symbol of the old-growth forests in Parambikulam.
10. Which of the following is a contemporary challenge faced by the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in maintaining its ecological integrity?
a) Overpopulation of large herbivores leading to habitat degradation.
b) Climate change impacts on forest ecosystems and water availability.
c) Lack of tourist visitation leading to reduced conservation funding.
d) Complete eradication of invasive plant species.
Answer: b) Climate change impacts on forest ecosystems and water availability.
Explanation: Climate change is a significant challenge for all ecosystems, including Parambikulam. Changes in rainfall patterns, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events can affect forest health, water resources, and wildlife populations.
About Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, nestled within the Palakkad and Thrissur districts of Kerala, India, serves as a vital sanctuary for biodiversity within the Western Ghats. Its geographical position, bridging the Anaimalai and Nelliampathy Hills, creates a diverse habitat supporting a rich tapestry of flora and fauna. The reserve’s significance extends beyond its wildlife, as it also protects the traditional lands of indigenous tribal communities, highlighting the interconnectedness of ecological and cultural preservation.
The reserve’s varied ecosystems, encompassing evergreen forests, freshwater bodies, and marshlands, contribute to its ecological richness. The presence of reservoirs and rivers further enhances the habitat, providing essential resources for the diverse wildlife. Notably, Parambikulam is renowned for the Kannimara Teak, a colossal and ancient teak tree, symbolizing the reserve’s old-growth forests. Within its boundaries, the reserve harbors a remarkable array of wildlife, with the Bengal tiger serving as the flagship species. Other notable inhabitants include Indian elephants, gaur, and the endangered lion-tailed macaque, among numerous other species.
Tourism within Parambikulam Tiger Reserve focuses on responsible ecotourism, offering visitors opportunities to experience the natural beauty and wildlife while minimizing environmental impact. Activities such as safaris and guided treks allow visitors to explore the reserve’s diverse landscapes and encounter its wildlife. The reserve’s management prioritizes conservation efforts, balancing the needs of wildlife, local communities, and visitors.