Master the fundamentals of the Indian Constitution with our comprehensive collection of 100 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on its key features! Our detailed questions and answers will cover essential aspects such as Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Parliamentary System, and more. With explanations to help you grasp the underlying concepts, our MCQs are designed to help UPSC CSE Prelims aspirants like you build a strong foundation in Constitutional knowledge. Dive into our questions and answers to refine your understanding of the Constitution’s core features and boost your confidence for the exam.
MCQs and Answers on Features of the Constitution
Which of the following statements best describes the ‘Sovereign’ nature of the Indian Constitution?
(a) India is subject to external control in its internal affairs.
(b) India is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
(c) India has the authority to make its own laws without external interference.
(d) India’s sovereignty is limited by international treaties.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The term ‘Sovereign’ implies that India has the supreme and ultimate authority to govern itself and make laws, free from any external control.
The Indian Constitution establishes a ‘Parliamentary’ form of government. Which of the following is a key feature of this system?
(a) A clear separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
(b) The executive is responsible to the legislature.
(c) The head of state is directly elected by the people.
(d) The judiciary is supreme over the legislature and the executive.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: In a parliamentary system, the executive branch (the government) is responsible to the legislature (the Parliament). The executive derives its authority from the legislature and remains in power as long as it enjoys the confidence of the legislature.
Which of the following statements about ‘Secularism’ as enshrined in the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- The State has no official religion.
- The State promotes all religions equally.
- The State actively supports minority religious institutions.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Indian secularism implies that the State does not have an official religion. It upholds the principle of religious neutrality, where all religions are equally respected and protected, and the State provides support to minority religious institutions within constitutional limits.
The Indian Constitution incorporates the concept of ‘Judicial Review.’ What does this term signify?
(a) The power of the Parliament to review judicial pronouncements.
(b) The authority of the President to seek advice from the Supreme Court.
(c) The power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions.
(d) The right of citizens to appeal against judicial decisions.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review is the power of the judiciary to scrutinize laws and executive actions and strike them down if they violate the Constitution.
Which of the following describes the nature of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Wholly rigid
(b) Wholly flexible
(c) Partly rigid and partly flexible
(d) Unitary in character
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution is considered partly rigid and partly flexible because some provisions can be amended by a simple majority in Parliament, while others require a special majority and, in some cases, ratification by state legislatures.
Which of the following statements concerning ‘Fundamental Rights’ in the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- They are absolute and can never be suspended.
- They are enforceable against the State.
- Some of them are available to both citizens and foreigners.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are not absolute and can be suspended during emergencies under certain conditions. They are enforceable against the State. Some, like Article 14, are available to both citizens and foreigners, while others, like Article 19, are only for citizens.
The Indian Constitution embodies the principle of ‘Federalism.’ Which of the following is a feature of this system?
(a) A single, unified judiciary
(b) A strong central government with subordinate states
(c) Division of powers between the Union and the States
(d) A system of dual citizenship
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Federalism involves a division of powers between the central (Union) government and the state governments, with each having its own sphere of authority.
Which of the following is/are a source for the ‘Rule of Law’ in the Indian Constitution?
- Article 14
- Article 21
- The Preamble
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The concept of the ‘Rule of Law’ is upheld by Article 14 (equality before law), Article 21 (protection of life and personal liberty), and the Preamble, which seeks to secure justice and equality.
The ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ (DPSP) are aimed at:
(a) Limiting the powers of the legislature and the executive.
(b) Establishing a police state.
(c) Promoting social and economic justice.
(d) Ensuring the enforceability of fundamental rights.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Directive Principles are guidelines for the State to create a social and economic order that promotes the welfare of the people.
Which of the following statements about the ‘Fundamental Duties’ in the Indian Constitution is correct?
(a) They are legally enforceable.
(b) They were originally part of the Constitution.
(c) They were added by the 42nd Amendment.
(d) They are primarily for the State to follow.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. They are moral obligations for citizens but are not directly enforceable by the courts in the same way as Fundamental Rights.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for a system of single citizenship.
- The Indian Constitution establishes an integrated and independent judiciary.
- The Indian Constitution allows states to have their own separate constitutions.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: India has a system of single citizenship (citizenship of India, not of individual states). The Constitution establishes an integrated and independent judiciary. States in India do not have separate constitutions.
Which of the following is a feature of the ‘Parliamentary’ system of government as adopted in India?
(a) Fixed term for the head of government
(b) Fusion of powers between the executive and legislative branches
(c) Directly elected head of state
(d) Supreme authority of the judiciary
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Parliamentary system is characterized by a fusion of powers, with the executive (Prime Minister and Council of Ministers) being drawn from and responsible to the legislature (Parliament).
Which of the following features of the Indian Constitution reflects its ‘Secular’ nature?
(a) The State provides financial aid to all religious institutions.
(b) The State allows religious instruction in all government schools.
(c) The State does not endorse any particular religion.
(d) The State favors the majority religion.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: India’s secularism means the state does not have an official religion and maintains an attitude of neutrality towards all religions.
The concept of ‘Judicial Review’ safeguards:
(a) The supremacy of the Parliament
(b) The authority of the executive branch
(c) The fundamental rights of citizens and the supremacy of the Constitution
(d) The power of the President to veto legislation
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review ensures that laws and executive actions do not violate the fundamental rights of citizens and are in line with the Constitution.
Which of the following statements about the ‘Amendment Procedure’ of the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- All parts of the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority in Parliament.
- Some amendments require a special majority in Parliament.
- Some amendments need ratification by state legislatures.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Not all parts can be amended by a simple majority. Some require a special majority (two-thirds of the members present and voting), and a few amendments affecting the federal structure need ratification by half of the state legislatures.
Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘Fundamental Rights’?
(a) They are absolute and unlimited.
(b) They can be suspended only during a national emergency.
(c) They are available only to citizens of India.
(d) They are justiciable and enforceable through the courts.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced through the courts if violated. They are not absolute and can be restricted under certain conditions. Some are available to foreigners as well.
Which of the following statements best describes Indian ‘Federalism’?
(a) It is a pure form of federalism where states have complete autonomy.
(b) It is a cooperative federalism with a strong centre.
(c) It is a confederal system where states have more powers than the centre.
(d) It is a unitary system with some features of federalism.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Indian federalism is characterized by a strong central government with a division of powers between the centre and the states, promoting cooperation while retaining a degree of central authority.
The ‘Rule of Law’ in the Indian context implies:
(a) The absence of any laws or regulations.
(b) The supremacy of the legislature in law-making.
(c) That everyone is subject to the law, including the government.
(d) That the judiciary has the power to make laws.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Rule of Law means that all individuals and entities, including the government, are accountable to the laws, and no one is above the law.
Which of the following best reflects the purpose of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’?
(a) To impose limitations on the powers of the legislature.
(b) To establish a police state and restrict individual liberties.
(c) To guide the state in formulating policies for promoting social welfare.
(d) To provide for a rigid framework of governance.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Directive Principles are intended to guide the State in making policies that aim to create a just and equitable society and promote the well-being of the people.
Which of the following statements about ‘Fundamental Duties’ is correct?
(a) They are enforceable by the courts like Fundamental Rights.
(b) They were inserted into the Constitution by the Constituent Assembly.
(c) They are moral obligations of citizens to uphold the nation’s ideals.
(d) They are primarily directed at the State.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are moral obligations of citizens, and while not directly enforceable like Fundamental Rights, they are expected to be upheld as part of responsible citizenship.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for dual polity.
- The Indian Constitution provides for integrated judiciary.
- The Indian Constitution provides for bicameral legislature at the center.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution provides for a dual polity (Centre and States), an integrated judiciary, and a bicameral legislature at the center (Parliament).
Which of the following statements about the ‘Parliamentary’ system in India is/are correct?
- The President is the nominal head of the state.
- The Prime Minister is the real executive authority.
- The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Parliament.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: In India’s parliamentary system, the President is the nominal head, the Prime Minister is the real executive, and the Council of Ministers is responsible to Parliament.
Which of the following is an essential feature of ‘Secularism’ in India?
(a) The State’s active involvement in religious affairs.
(b) The State’s neutrality towards all religions.
(c) The State’s preference for the majority religion.
(d) The State’s promotion of a single, unified religion.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Indian secularism emphasizes the State’s neutrality, treating all religions equally without endorsing any particular one.
The purpose of ‘Judicial Review’ in the Indian Constitution is to ensure:
(a) The executive’s dominance over the judiciary.
(b) The legislature’s power to interpret the Constitution.
(c) The President’s authority to amend laws.
(d) The constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Judicial Review empowers the judiciary to examine and determine the validity of laws and executive orders against the Constitution.
Which of the following statements about ‘Constitutional Amendment’ in India is/are correct?
- A simple majority is sufficient to amend all parts of the Constitution.
- A special majority is required for amending some provisions.
- Some amendments need ratification by state legislatures.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: While some parts can be amended with a special majority, certain amendments affecting the federal structure also require state ratification.
Which of the following is a limitation on ‘Fundamental Rights’?
(a) They are absolute and cannot be restricted.
(b) They can be suspended during an emergency.
(c) They are available to all, including non-citizens.
(d) They can only be enforced against private individuals.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are not absolute and can be suspended under certain circumstances, such as during an emergency.
The concept of ‘Federalism’ in India is characterized by:
(a) A weak central government with strong states.
(b) A strong central government with a division of powers.
(c) Complete autonomy for the states.
(d) A unitary structure with delegated powers to the states.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Indian federalism features a strong central government with a division of powers between the centre and the states, balancing national unity with regional autonomy.
‘Rule of Law’ ensures:
(a) The supremacy of the executive.
(b) The absence of any legal framework.
(c) That all individuals and the government are accountable to the law.
(d) That the judiciary can make laws.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The ‘Rule of Law’ mandates that everyone, including the government, is subject to the law, promoting fairness and accountability.
‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ in the Indian Constitution aim to:
(a) Establish a dictatorship.
(b) Define the procedure for amending the Constitution.
(c) Guide the state in creating a just social order.
(d) Limit the powers of the judiciary.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: These principles guide the state in formulating policies to achieve social and economic justice, leading to a more equitable society.
Which of the following statements about ‘Fundamental Duties’ is correct?
(a) They are legally enforceable in courts.
(b) They were originally part of the Constitution.
(c) They are moral obligations for citizens.
(d) They are primarily for government authorities.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties, added later to the Constitution, are moral obligations for citizens to uphold national ideals and contribute to society’s welfare.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for integrated and independent judiciary.
- The Indian Constitution provides for fundamental duties.
- The Indian Constitution provides for fundamental rights.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution provides for an integrated and independent judiciary, fundamental duties, and fundamental rights.
Which of the following statements best
(b) There is a strict separation of powers between the legislature and the executive.
(c) The executive is responsible to the legislature.
(d) The head of the state is the real executive authority.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: In a parliamentary system, the executive (the government) is responsible and accountable to the legislature (Parliament).
Which of the following principles embodies ‘Secularism’ as followed in India?
(a) The state actively promotes one particular religion.
(b) The state maintains neutrality in matters of religion.
(c) The state enforces strict religious regulations.
(d) The state allows religious instruction in all public schools.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Indian secularism mandates that the state remain neutral and impartial in its treatment of all religions, ensuring equal respect and protection.
The power of ‘Judicial Review’ allows the Supreme Court to:
(a) Amend the Constitution directly.
(b) Advise the President on any legal matter.
(c) Declare any law or executive order unconstitutional.
(d) Oversee the day-to-day functioning of the government.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review empowers the Supreme Court to examine and invalidate any law or executive action that contravenes the Constitution.
Which of the following statements regarding ‘Constitutional Amendments’ is/are correct?
- Some amendments can be passed by a simple majority in Parliament.
- All amendments must be ratified by state legislatures.
- A special majority is required for significant constitutional changes.
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A special majority is required for most amendments, and only certain amendments affecting the federal structure need state ratification. Simple majority is for ordinary legislations and not constitutional amendments.
Which of the following is a limitation on the exercise of ‘Fundamental Rights’?
(a) They are absolute and cannot be restricted under any circumstances.
(b) They can be restricted during a national emergency.
(c) They are available only to citizens.
(d) They are enforced only against private individuals.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are not absolute and can be restricted in certain situations, such as during a national emergency, to protect national security and public order.
The ‘Federal’ structure of India is characterized by:
(a) A concentration of power in the central government.
(b) A division of powers between the central and state governments.
(c) Complete autonomy for state governments.
(d) A unitary government with some decentralized features.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: India’s federal system distributes powers between the central (Union) and state governments, allowing both to operate within their defined spheres while maintaining national unity.
The concept of ‘Rule of Law’ ensures that:
(a) Government officials are above the law.
(b) Laws are arbitrary and subject to change.
(c) All individuals and the government are accountable under the law.
(d) The judiciary is subordinate to the executive.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The ‘Rule of Law’ establishes that everyone, including those in power, is subject to the law, promoting equality and preventing arbitrary actions.
The primary objective of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ is to:
(a) Impose strict regulations on citizens’ behavior.
(b) Guide the state in formulating policies to promote social and economic welfare.
(c) Define the process for amending the Constitution.
(d) Give absolute power to the central government.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: These principles are intended to guide the state in creating a just social order, where citizens have access to economic and social resources, and the government works towards the welfare of all.
Which of the following statements about ‘Fundamental Duties’ is correct?
(a) They are enforceable by the judiciary.
(b) They were originally part of the Constitution.
(c) They are moral obligations for citizens and promote civic responsibility.
(d) They are primarily for the benefit of the government.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are aimed at promoting civic responsibility and encouraging citizens to uphold the ideals of the nation, though they are not directly enforceable in the same way as Fundamental Rights.
Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Constitution:
- It is a written and codified document.
- It is the lengthiest written constitution in the world.
- It provides for a system of dual citizenship.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution is a written and codified document, and it’s the lengthiest written constitution globally. However, it provides for a system of single citizenship, not dual.
Which of the following statements is most accurate about the ‘Parliamentary’ form of government in India?
(a) The President is directly elected by the people and is the chief executive.
(b) The executive is responsible to the legislature, and the head of state is a nominal figurehead.
(c) The legislature is supreme and can override any action of the executive or the judiciary.
(d) The judiciary has the power to appoint the Prime Minister.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: In India’s parliamentary system, the executive (Council of Ministers led by the Prime Minister) is responsible to the legislature (Parliament), and the President is the nominal head of state.
Which of the following describes the ‘Secular’ nature of the Indian state?
(a) The state actively promotes religious activities and provides financial assistance to all religions.
(b) The state maintains an attitude of neutrality towards all religions, neither favoring nor opposing any particular religion.
(c) The state establishes one official religion, but allows other religions to be practiced.
(d) The state allows religious instruction only in private educational institutions.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Indian secularism emphasizes the state’s neutrality, ensuring that it neither endorses nor discriminates against any religion, treating all equally.
The principle of ‘Judicial Review’ in the Indian Constitution entails:
(a) The power of the Parliament to review the performance of the judiciary.
(b) The authority of the executive to challenge judicial decisions.
(c) The judiciary’s power to examine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.
(d) The citizens’ right to challenge any law directly in the Supreme Court.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review is a crucial feature that allows the judiciary to assess whether laws and executive orders comply with the Constitution, thereby upholding its supremacy.
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the ‘Amendment Procedure’ in the Indian Constitution?
- A simple majority in Parliament is sufficient to amend any part of the Constitution.
- Some provisions require a special majority in Parliament for amendment.
- Amendments that affect the federal structure also need ratification by state legislatures.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: While some parts need a special majority, those affecting the federal structure necessitate state ratification, and no part of the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of ‘Fundamental Rights’ in India?
(a) They are absolute and can never be restricted.
(b) They are justiciable and enforceable through the courts.
(c) They apply only to government actions and not to private individuals.
(d) They are primarily for the benefit of the State.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are justiciable, meaning they can be defended in court if violated. They are not absolute and can be restricted under specific circumstances.
Indian ‘Federalism’ is best described as:
(a) A purely unitary system with decentralized administrative powers.
(b) A system where states have complete autonomy and can secede from the Union.
(c) A strong central government with a division of powers, where states have a degree of autonomy.
(d) A weak central government with strong states and limited cooperation.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Indian federalism has a strong center, but also allocates powers to the states, balancing national unity with regional autonomy.
The concept of ‘Rule of Law’ in the Indian context implies:
(a) The government has unlimited powers to make any laws.
(b) The judiciary is subordinate to the executive.
(c) All individuals, including the government, are subject to the law and accountable to it.
(d) The legislature is supreme and can enact any law without restrictions.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The ‘Rule of Law’ mandates that everyone, from ordinary citizens to government officials, is subject to the same laws, ensuring fairness and preventing arbitrary use of power.
The purpose of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ is to:
(a) Directly enforce fundamental rights through judicial action.
(b) Provide guidelines for the state to formulate policies aimed at social and economic justice.
(c) Impose strict restrictions on individual freedoms and liberties.
(d) Establish a rigid framework for governance with minimal flexibility.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: These principles guide the state in its policymaking to achieve social and economic justice, leading to a more equitable and welfare-oriented society.
Which of the following statements about ‘Fundamental Duties’ is correct?
(a) They are directly enforceable through legal action.
(b) They were included in the original Constitution by its framers.
(c) They are moral obligations on citizens to promote patriotism and unity.
(d) They primarily impose restrictions on the powers of the government.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties, though not directly enforceable, encourage citizens to uphold national ideals and contribute positively to society, fostering a sense of patriotism and unity.
Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Constitution:
- It is the most comprehensive written constitution in the world.
- It establishes a parliamentary system of government.
- It enshrines the principle of ‘Separation of Powers’ in its strictest form.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution is indeed very detailed, and it establishes a parliamentary system. However, while it advocates separation of powers, it’s not in its strictest form, as there is some overlap, especially between the executive and the legislature.
Which of the following best describes the term ‘Republic’ as used in the Indian Constitution?
(a) A form of government where the head of state is elected, directly or indirectly.
(b) A system where the head of state is a hereditary monarch.
(c) A nation that is sovereign but subject to international laws.
(d) A state that has no written constitution.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: In a republic, the head of state (the President in India) is an elected position, not one inherited through lineage.
Which of the following is/are a feature of the Indian Constitution’s approach to ‘Minority Rights’?
- Guaranteeing cultural and educational rights.
- Providing for reservation of seats in legislatures and government jobs.
- Enforcing a uniform civil code on all citizens, irrespective of religion.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution protects the cultural and educational rights of minorities. It also provides for reservations to ensure their representation. While a Uniform Civil Code is a Directive Principle, it’s not yet enforced and is a debated topic.
The ‘Emergency Provisions’ in the Indian Constitution empower the central government to:
(a) Establish a presidential system of government.
(b) Suspend the federal structure temporarily and assume greater control over the states.
(c) Amend the Constitution without any restrictions.
(d) Dissolve the Supreme Court and establish military tribunals.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: During emergencies, the central government’s powers expand significantly, allowing it to exert greater control over states, effectively transforming the federal structure temporarily.
Which of the following statements about the ‘Preamble’ of the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- It is a part of the Constitution and can be amended.
- It reflects the basic philosophy and objectives of the Constitution.
- It is directly enforceable in any court of law.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Preamble is a part of the Constitution and has been amended. It outlines the Constitution’s philosophy and objectives. However, it’s not directly enforceable in court like Fundamental Rights.
The concept of ‘Social Justice’ as enshrined in the Indian Constitution includes:
(a) Equal distribution of wealth among all citizens.
(b) Provision of equal opportunities and fair treatment in society, regardless of caste, creed, or gender.
(c) Abolition of private property and nationalization of all industries.
(d) Establishment of a classless society through revolutionary means.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Social justice seeks to ensure that all individuals have equal opportunities and are treated fairly, eliminating discrimination based on social or economic background.
Which of the following features of the Indian Constitution indicates that it is a ‘Welfare State’?
(a) The inclusion of Fundamental Rights.
(b) The presence of Directive Principles of State Policy.
(c) The establishment of a parliamentary form of government.
(d) The provision for judicial review.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Directive Principles guide the state to create a social order where justice, both social and economic, prevails, and where the state works for the welfare of its citizens.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for the impeachment of the President.
- The Indian Constitution establishes a system of proportional representation for all elections.
- The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to privacy as an explicit Fundamental Right.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The Constitution outlines the process for impeaching the President. While proportional representation exists for Rajya Sabha elections, it’s not for all elections. The right to privacy has been read into Article 21 by the Supreme Court, but it’s not explicitly mentioned as a Fundamental Right.
Which of the following statements about the ‘Separation of Powers’ in India is most accurate?
(a) Each organ of government operates in completely separate spheres with no interaction.
(b) The judiciary is supreme and can control the actions of the legislature and executive.
(c) While there is a division of functions, there is also some overlap and checks and balances among the three branches.
(d) The executive and legislature are fused, but the judiciary is completely independent.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: India follows a system of checks and balances where, while there’s a division of functions, there’s also some interaction between the branches. For instance, the executive is responsible to the legislature, and the judiciary can review legislative actions.
The ‘Basic Structure’ doctrine evolved by the Indian Supreme Court implies:
(a) The Parliament has unlimited powers to amend any part of the Constitution.
(b) Certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be amended by Parliament.
(c) The judiciary has the sole power to amend the Constitution.
(d) The government can alter the Constitution at will during an emergency.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Basic Structure doctrine, developed through judicial interpretations, states that there are certain core features of the Constitution that cannot be altered, even by a constitutional amendment.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for a system of single citizenship for the whole of India.
- The Indian Constitution provides for an independent and integrated judiciary.
- The Indian Constitution establishes a dual polity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: India has single citizenship, a unified and independent judiciary, and a dual polity (Centre and States), which are all fundamental features.
Which of the following statements best describes the ‘Parliamentary’ system of government in India?
(a) The President is directly elected by the people and is the chief executive authority.
(b) The executive is responsible to the legislature, and the head of the state is a nominal authority.
(c) The legislature is supreme and can override the judiciary and the executive.
(d) The judiciary appoints the Prime Minister.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: In India’s parliamentary system, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers are responsible to the Parliament, while the President is the nominal head of the state.
Which of the following aspects of the Indian state reflects its ‘Secular’ character?
(a) The state actively promotes and supports specific religious institutions.
(b) The state maintains neutrality and does not endorse any particular religion.
(c) The state establishes an official state religion but permits the practice of other religions.
(d) The state allows religious instruction in all public schools.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Secularism in India implies that the state is neutral in religious matters and does not favor or discriminate against any religion.
The concept of ‘Judicial Review’ in the Indian Constitution means that:
(a) The Parliament can review and amend judicial decisions.
(b) The executive has the power to overrule judicial pronouncements.
(c) The judiciary can examine and determine the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
(d) Citizens have an automatic right to appeal all judicial decisions.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review allows the judiciary to assess whether legislative and executive actions comply with the Constitution, ensuring constitutional supremacy.
Which of the following statements about the ‘Amendment Procedure’ in the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- All parts of the Constitution can be amended by a simple majority in Parliament.
- Some parts require a special majority in Parliament.
- Amendments affecting the federal structure must be ratified by state legislatures.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: While some parts need a special majority, those affecting the federal structure necessitate state ratification. Simple majority is for ordinary legislations and not constitutional amendments.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of ‘Fundamental Rights’ in India?
(a) They are absolute and unlimited.
(b) They can be suspended only during a national emergency.
(c) They are justiciable and enforceable through the courts.
(d) They are primarily for the benefit of the State and not individual citizens.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Rights are enforceable in courts, meaning individuals can seek legal remedies if these rights are violated. They are not absolute and can be restricted reasonably.
Indian ‘Federalism’ is best described as:
(a) A unitary system with decentralized powers.
(b) A system where states have complete autonomy to govern themselves.
(c) A strong central government with a division of powers, where states have autonomy within their spheres.
(d) A weak central government dependent on the states for authority.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Indian federalism is characterized by a strong central government with a division of powers, allowing states to function independently within their defined areas while ensuring national unity.
The principle of the ‘Rule of Law’ in the Indian context ensures:
(a) The government has the authority to make any laws it deems necessary.
(b) The judiciary has the final say in all legal matters, including law-making.
(c) All individuals and the government are subject to the same laws and legal processes.
(d) There are no formal legal constraints on government action.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The ‘Rule of Law’ mandates that everyone, including those in power, is accountable to the law, promoting equality and preventing arbitrary use of power.
The primary purpose of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’ is to:
(a) Directly enforce socio-economic rights through judicial intervention.
(b) Guide the state in its policies to achieve social and economic justice and promote public welfare.
(c) Establish a dictatorial regime with strict control over individual liberties.
(d) Provide a rigid legal framework with minimal scope for policy flexibility.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: These principles guide the state in formulating policies to create a just social order, where citizens have access to economic and social resources, and the government works towards the welfare of all.
Which of the following statements about ‘Fundamental Duties’ is correct?
(a) They are directly enforceable in the courts through writs and legal proceedings.
(b) They were not included in the original Constitution but added later.
(c) They are obligations imposed primarily on the government to safeguard citizens’ rights.
(d) They grant citizens the right to revolt against an unjust government.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties were added later and, while not directly enforceable, encourage citizens to uphold national ideals and contribute positively to society, fostering a sense of patriotism and unity.
Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Constitution:
- It is a blend of rigidity and flexibility.
- It establishes a purely unitary form of government.
- It guarantees fundamental rights which are absolute and unlimited.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution is partly rigid and partly flexible, allowing for amendments but not without due process. It establishes a federal system, not a unitary one. Fundamental Rights are not absolute and can be restricted.
Which of the following is/are a feature of the ‘Republic’ as established by the Indian Constitution?
- The head of the state is elected.
- There is no hereditary ruler.
- All citizens have political rights.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: In a republic, the head of state is elected, not hereditary, and all citizens have political rights.
Which of the following statements about ‘Minority Rights’ in India is/are correct?
- They include the right to establish and administer educational institutions.
- They mandate reservations in legislatures and government jobs.
- They aim to ensure equality and protection from discrimination.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institutions and are protected from discrimination. Reservations exist, but they aren’t a feature of minority rights as such, but rather affirmative action.
The ‘Emergency Provisions’ in the Indian Constitution allow:
(a) The suspension of all fundamental rights indefinitely.
(b) The central government to assume control over the administration of states temporarily.
(c) The President to amend the Constitution at will.
(d) The dissolution of the Parliament and the declaration of a presidential form of government.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: During emergencies, the central government can temporarily take over the administration of states to maintain national security and public order.
Which of the following is true about the ‘Preamble’ of the Indian Constitution?
(a) It is not a part of the Constitution and has no legal standing.
(b) It sets out the aims and objectives of the Constitution.
(c) It can be amended only by a unanimous vote of both Houses of Parliament.
(d) It is directly enforceable in courts.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Preamble is part of the Constitution and outlines its goals and philosophy. While it has been amended, and sets the tone, it is not directly enforceable in courts.
The concept of ‘Social Justice’ in the Indian context implies:
(a) Equal distribution of wealth among all sections of society.
(b) Ensuring equitable opportunities and fair treatment for all, irrespective of social background.
(c) Establishing a classless society through revolution and radical reforms.
(d) Providing welfare schemes exclusively for the economically disadvantaged.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Social justice focuses on ensuring fairness and equality of opportunity for everyone, regardless of their social or economic background.
Which of the following aspects of the Indian Constitution makes it a ‘Welfare State’?
(a) Guarantee of fundamental rights to all citizens.
(b) Provision of Directive Principles of State Policy.
(c) Establishment of a parliamentary form of government.
(d) Enactment of various social welfare legislations and schemes.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Directive Principles guide the state to promote a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.
Consider the following statements:
- The Indian Constitution provides for a bicameral legislature at the centre.
- The Indian Constitution guarantees the ‘Right to Education’ as a Fundamental Right.
- The Indian Constitution empowers the judiciary to review and strike down unconstitutional laws.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: India has a bicameral legislature at the center (Parliament), the Right to Education is a Fundamental Right, and the judiciary has the power of judicial review.
Which of the following statements about ‘Separation of Powers’ in India is most accurate?
(a) The three organs of government function in strict isolation without any interaction.
(b) The judiciary is supreme and has absolute control over the legislature and executive.
(c) While there is a functional division, there is also a system of checks and balances among the three branches.
(d) The executive and legislature are fused, and the judiciary is completely subordinate.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: India follows a system of checks and balances, where the three branches have distinct functions but also interact and oversee each other.
The ‘Basic Structure’ doctrine as laid down by the Supreme Court means:
(a) The Parliament can amend the Constitution as it pleases, without any limits.
(b) Certain fundamental features of the Constitution are beyond the amending power of Parliament.
(c) Only the judiciary has the power to amend the Constitution.
(d) The government can disregard the Constitution during times of emergency.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Basic Structure doctrine limits Parliament’s amending powers, safeguarding the core features of the Constitution.
Which of the following statements regarding the Indian Constitution is correct?
(a) It is a purely federal constitution.
(b) It establishes a federal system with a strong bias towards the centre.
(c) It provides for a confederal system.
(d) It is a unitary constitution with federal features.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution establishes a federal structure, but with a strong central government.
Which of the following features is taken from the British Constitution?
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Parliamentary form of government
(d) Judicial Review
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The parliamentary form of government is derived from the British Constitution.
Which of the following statements about the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- It is justiciable in nature.
- It can be amended.
- It indicates the source from which the Constitution derives its authority.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Preamble is not directly enforceable in court (not justiciable), but it can be amended and indicates that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India.
Which of the following provisions of the Indian Constitution reflects the concept of ‘Socialist State’?
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Fundamental Duties
(d) Preamble
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Directive Principles of State Policy aim to establish a social and economic order where justice and welfare prevail, reflecting the socialist ideals.
The term ‘Secular’ was added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by which amendment?
(a) 42nd Amendment
(b) 44th Amendment
(c) 52nd Amendment
(d) 61st Amendment
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The term ‘Secular’ was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
Which of the following is/are an essential feature(s) of the Indian Constitution?
- A written constitution
- A system of judicial review
- A unicameral legislature
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian Constitution is written and provides for judicial review. However, it establishes a bicameral legislature at the central level (Parliament), not unicameral.
The concept of ‘Equality before law’ and ‘Equal protection of laws’ are enshrined in which article of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 19
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 32
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees both ‘equality before law’ and ‘equal protection of laws.’
Which of the following is a feature of the ‘Federal’ system of government?
(a) Single citizenship
(b) Written Constitution
(c) Integrated Judiciary
(d) Strong Centre
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A written Constitution is a common feature of a federal system, as it outlines the division of powers between the centre and the states.
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the ‘Amendment’ process of the Indian Constitution?
- It is a simple process.
- Some amendments require ratification by state legislatures.
- It can be initiated in either House of Parliament.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The amendment process is not simple; it often requires a special majority. Some amendments affecting the federal structure require state ratification, and a bill for amendment can be introduced in either House of Parliament.
Which of the following best describes the philosophy behind the inclusion of ‘Directive Principles of State Policy’?
(a) To limit the powers of the legislature
(b) To establish a system of checks and balances
(c) To create a ‘Welfare State’ and promote social and economic justice
(d) To give more power to the judiciary
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Directive Principles are intended to guide the state in its policies to create a just social order and ensure the welfare of the people.
Which of the following statements concerning ‘Fundamental Duties’ in the Indian Constitution is/are correct?
- They are legally enforceable.
- They were originally a part of the Constitution.
- They are intended to promote a sense of civic responsibility among citizens.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Fundamental Duties are not legally enforceable, were not in the original Constitution (added later), and aim to promote civic responsibility.
Which of the following statements about ‘Judicial Review’ in India is correct?
(a) It is the power of the Parliament to review judicial decisions.
(b) It is the authority of the President to seek advice from the Supreme Court.
(c) It is the power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
(d) It is the right of citizens to appeal against judicial decisions.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Judicial Review is the power of the judiciary to assess the validity of laws and executive actions against the Constitution.
Which of the following is an essential feature of ‘Indian Federalism’?
(a) A strong central government with subordinate states.
(b) An independent judiciary to settle disputes between the centre and states.
(c) A single citizenship for the whole of India.
(d) An All India Services.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: An independent judiciary is crucial in a federal system to resolve disputes between the centre and the states and ensure that the division of powers is upheld.
Which feature of the Indian Constitution is derived from the ‘Weimar Constitution’ of Germany?
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Procedure for amendment of the Constitution
(d) Suspension of Fundamental Rights during an emergency
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The provision for the suspension of Fundamental Rights during an emergency is taken from the Weimar Constitution of Germany.
Which of the following best describes the term ‘Socialist’ as used in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
(a) The establishment of a state-controlled economy.
(b) The abolition of private property.
(c) A commitment to social and economic equality, reducing disparities, and promoting welfare.
(d) The creation of a classless society through revolutionary means.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The term ‘Socialist’ in the Preamble refers to India’s commitment to social and economic justice, reducing inequality