The Preamble plays a significant role in the interpretation of the Indian Constitution. While it is not enforceable in a court of law on its own, it serves as a guiding light for understanding the intentions of the framers and the core values enshrined in the Constitution.
Role of the Preamble in Interpretation:
- Aids in understanding ambiguous provisions: When the language of an Article is unclear or admits to multiple interpretations, the Preamble can be used to understand the true meaning and intent behind the provision. It helps to ensure that the interpretation aligns with the overall philosophy and objectives of the Constitution.
- Highlights the basic structure: The Preamble reflects the basic structure of the Constitution, which includes fundamental principles like democracy, secularism, and social justice. Any amendment that seeks to alter this basic structure can be challenged, and the Preamble serves as a key tool in determining whether an amendment violates these fundamental principles.
- Source of inspiration and guidance: The Preamble serves as a source of inspiration and guidance for the judiciary, legislature, and executive. It reminds them of the core values and objectives that should guide their actions and decisions.
Use of the Preamble in Judicial Decisions:
The Supreme Court of India has consistently relied on the Preamble in its judgments. Some notable cases include:
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): In this landmark case, the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret its provisions. It also established the doctrine of basic structure, stating that the Preamble embodies the fundamental features of the Constitution that cannot be amended.
- Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978): The Supreme Court used the Preamble to interpret Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) and held that it not only protects physical existence but also ensures a life of dignity.
- S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (1994): The Supreme Court relied on the Preamble to uphold the secular nature of the Indian state and held that secularism is a basic feature of the Constitution.
These cases demonstrate that the Preamble is not merely a decorative introduction but a valuable tool for interpreting the Constitution and upholding its core values. It serves as a reminder of the goals and aspirations of the Indian people and guides the nation towards achieving them.