Inter-State Relations are a crucial yet often under-emphasized area of Indian Polity that regularly features in the UPSC Prelims and Mains, as well as other competitive exams. This topic deals with the constitutional mechanisms and institutional arrangements that govern relations among the states—such as interstate water disputes, public acts recognition, coordination through councils, and Article 263.
In this blogpost, we bring you a targeted set of MCQs on Inter-State Relations, each backed with clear explanations. These questions are crafted to test your understanding of constitutional provisions, important case laws, and the role of bodies like the Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils.
Inter-State Relations MCQs and Answers
1. Which part of the Indian Constitution primarily deals with Inter-State Relations?
(a) Part IX (The Panchayats)
(b) Part X (The Scheduled and Tribal Areas)
(c) Part XI (Relations between the Union and the States)
(d) Part XII (Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits)
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Part XI of the Constitution, specifically Chapter II (Articles 261 to 263), contains provisions relating to Inter-State Relations, including the full faith and credit clause, inter-state trade and commerce, and the establishment of the Inter-State Council.
2. Article 261 of the Indian Constitution deals with:
(a) Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.
(b) Provisions with respect to an Inter-State Council.
(c) Full faith and credit to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings.
(d) Freedom of inter-State trade, commerce, and intercourse.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 261(1) declares that full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State.
3. The power to legislate on inter-State trade and commerce is vested in:
(a) The State Legislatures.
(b) The Parliament.
(c) A joint committee of Parliament and State Legislatures.
(d) The Supreme Court.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Entry 42 of the Union List empowers the Parliament to legislate on inter-State trade and commerce. This ensures uniformity and avoids the creation of barriers to the free flow of goods and services across state borders.
4. Restrictions on the freedom of inter-State trade, commerce, and intercourse can be imposed by the Parliament in the:
(a) Public interest.
(b) Interest of national security only.
(c) Interest of economic planning only.
(d) Interest of promoting friendly relations with neighboring countries.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Article 302 allows Parliament to impose restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce, or intercourse between one State and another or within any part of the territory of India as may be required in the public interest.
5. Which of the following bodies is specifically mentioned in the Constitution for facilitating coordination among States?
(a) The National Development Council (NDC).
(b) The Zonal Councils.
(c) The Inter-State Council.
(d) NITI Aayog.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 263 provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President if it appears that such a council would serve the public interest. Its functions include inquiring into and advising upon inter-state disputes and discussing subjects of common interest.
6. Inter-State river water disputes are adjudicated under the provisions of:
(a) Article 261 of the Constitution.
(b) Article 262 of the Constitution and the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.
(c) Article 131 of the Constitution (original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court).
(d) Article 356 of the Constitution (President’s Rule).
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 262 specifically deals with the adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys. Parliament has enacted the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, to provide a mechanism for the resolution of such disputes through tribunals.
7. The Zonal Councils in India were established under:
(a) A constitutional provision.
(b) The States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
(c) An order of the President.
(d) A resolution passed by the Inter-State Council.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The five Zonal Councils (Northern, Central, Eastern, Western, and Southern) were set up under Section 15-22 of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. They are statutory advisory bodies aimed at promoting cooperation and coordination among the States within each zone.
8. Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Zonal Councils?
(a) Promoting national integration.
(b) Achieving balanced regional development.
(c) Resolving inter-state disputes.
(d) Acting as appellate bodies for decisions of State High Courts.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The objectives of Zonal Councils include promoting national integration, achieving balanced regional development, fostering inter-state cooperation and coordination, and providing a forum for discussion and recommendation on matters of common interest. They do not function as appellate bodies for High Court decisions.
9. The primary jurisdiction to resolve legal disputes between two or more States lies with:
(a) The High Courts of the respective States.
(b) The Supreme Court of India under its original jurisdiction.
(c) A tribunal specifically constituted for the purpose.
(d) The Inter-State Council.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 131 of the Constitution grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction in any dispute between two or more States. This jurisdiction is exclusive, meaning no other court can entertain such disputes.
10. Which of the following principles guides the Parliament in imposing restrictions on inter-State trade and commerce?
(a) Protection of local industries at all costs.
(b) Preventing the movement of essential goods across State borders.
(c) Non-discrimination between States except where required in public interest.
(d) Favoring States with higher economic growth rates.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 303 specifically states that Parliament shall not have power to make any law giving, or authorizing the giving of, any preference to one State over another, or discriminating between one State and another, by virtue of any entry relating to trade and commerce in any of the Lists. However, this does not prevent Parliament from making laws if it is declared by such law that it is necessary to do so in the public interest.
11. The “full faith and credit” clause in Article 261 applies to:
(a) Only judicial proceedings between States.
(b) Only legislative acts of the Union and the States.
(c) Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the Union and every State.
(d) Only agreements and contracts entered into by the States.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 261(1) explicitly states that full faith and credit shall be given throughout the territory of India to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the Union and of every State. This ensures that official actions and legal pronouncements are recognized across the country.
12. Which of the following is a potential challenge to harmonious Inter-State Relations in India?
(a) Uniform tax policies across all States.
(b) Equitable distribution of natural resources.
(c) Lingual and cultural differences leading to regionalism.
(d) Smooth coordination of law enforcement across State borders.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: While linguistic and cultural diversity is a strength of India, it can sometimes be a source of tension and regionalism, potentially affecting Inter-State Relations, particularly in matters like border disputes or the treatment of linguistic minorities.
13. The Inter-State Council is chaired by:
(a) The President of India.
(b) The Prime Minister of India.
(c) The Union Minister of Home Affairs.
(d) A rotating Chief Minister nominated by the Council members.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Inter-State Council is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. Its members include the Chief Ministers of all States, Chief Ministers of Union Territories having a Legislative Assembly, Administrators of Union Territories not having a Legislative Assembly, and six Union Ministers nominated by the Prime Minister.
14. Which of the following is a function of the Inter-State Council?
(a) To allocate financial resources between the Union and the States.
(b) To adjudicate legal disputes between States.
(c) To discuss subjects of common interest between the Union and the States.
(d) To conduct elections to State Legislatures.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: One of the key functions of the Inter-State Council, as outlined in Article 263, is to investigate and discuss subjects in which some or all of the States, or the Union and one or more of the States have a common interest.
15. Restrictions imposed by a State on inter-State trade and commerce can be challenged if they are:
(a) Meant to protect the environment within the State.
(b) Non-discriminatory and in the public interest.
(c) Discriminatory against goods from other States.
(d) Intended to promote local employment.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 304(a) prohibits a State from enacting any law that discriminates between goods of one State and those of another. Restrictions must generally be non-discriminatory, although Article 304(b) allows for reasonable restrictions in the public interest with the President’s prior sanction.
16. The establishment of common markets and the regulation of inter-State trade and commerce are primarily aimed at:
(a) Promoting regional imbalances to address historical injustices.
(b) Ensuring the economic unity and integrity of the nation.
(c) Allowing States to protect their local economies from competition.
(d) Facilitating the imposition of tariffs on goods from other States.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The provisions related to inter-State trade and commerce in the Constitution are designed to foster economic unity and prevent the fragmentation of the national market by ensuring the free flow of goods and services across State borders.
17. Which of the following is a potential area for inter-State cooperation?
(a) Maintaining separate curricula for higher education in each State.
(b) Developing independent infrastructure projects without inter-State coordination.
(c) Sharing of water resources and management of inter-State rivers.
(d) Formulating distinct national security policies for each State.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The sharing of water resources from inter-State rivers is a critical area requiring inter-State cooperation and often becomes a source of dispute if not managed effectively.
18. The “full faith and credit” clause helps in:
(a) Preventing the Supreme Court from hearing appeals from State High Courts.
(b) Ensuring that legal decisions and official acts of one State are respected in another State.
(c) Allowing States to disregard Union laws they disagree with.
(d) Promoting the dominance of one State’s legal system over others.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The full faith and credit clause promotes national cohesion by ensuring that the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every State are given due recognition and effect in all other States and by the Union.
19. Which of the following bodies can make recommendations for the better coordination of policy and action with respect to subjects of common interest between States?
(a) The Election Commission of India.
(b) The Finance Commission.
(c) The Inter-State Council.
(d) The National Human Rights Commission.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: One of the specific functions of the Inter-State Council under Article 263(b) is to make recommendations upon any subject of common interest between the States or between the Union and one or more States, particularly for better policy and action coordination.
20. Restrictions on inter-State trade and commerce imposed by a State Legislature require:
(a) The consent of all other affected States.
(b) The prior sanction of the President.
(c) The approval of the Supreme Court.
(d) A resolution passed by the Parliament.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 304(b) allows a State Legislature to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of trade, commerce, or intercourse with or within that State as may be required in the public interest, but only with the prior sanction of the President.
21. The Zonal Councils are advisory bodies that can discuss and make recommendations on matters relating to:
- Economic and social planning.
- Inter-State transport.
- Linguistic minorities.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The Zonal Councils provide a forum for discussion and recommendations on a wide range of issues affecting the States within each zone, including economic and social planning, inter-State transport, linguistic minorities, border disputes, and matters arising out of the reorganization of States.
22. Which of the following is NOT a potential area of inter-State dispute in India?
(a) Boundary disputes.
(b) Sharing of river waters.
(c) Policies related to subjects exclusively in the Union List.
(d) Matters related to the implementation of centrally sponsored schemes.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Subjects exclusively in the Union List are under the legislative and executive jurisdiction of the Union Government, so policies related to these are less likely to be a direct source of dispute between States, unless their implementation has differential impacts. Boundary disputes, water sharing, and the implementation of schemes can all lead to inter-State disagreements.
23. The principle of “comity of States” implies:
(a) The hierarchical superiority of the Union over the States.
(b) The mutual respect and recognition of each other’s laws and judicial decisions by the States.
(c) The right of a State to disregard laws of other States it deems unfavorable.
(d) The mandatory uniformity of laws across all States.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The principle of comity of States suggests that States within a federation should respect each other’s sovereignty and give due consideration to their laws and judicial decisions, contributing to harmonious inter-State relations.
24. Which of the following can play a role in resolving inter-State disputes outside of formal legal or constitutional mechanisms?
(a) The Election Commission of India.
(b) Bilateral negotiations between the Chief Ministers.
(c) The Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
(d) The Union Ministry of Finance.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: While legal and constitutional mechanisms like the Supreme Court and Inter-State Councils exist, direct bilateral negotiations between the political leaders of the concerned States (such as Chief Ministers) can often lead to amicable resolutions of inter-State disputes.
25. The power to regulate inter-State migration of labor falls under:
(a) The exclusive jurisdiction of the States.
(b) The exclusive jurisdiction of the Union.
(c) The Concurrent List.
(d) A joint agreement between the concerned States.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Matters related to labor, including inter-State migration of labor, fall under the Concurrent List (Entry 23 and 24, subject to Entry 79 of the Union List). This means both the Union and the States can legislate on this subject.
26. Which of the following is NOT a function of the Inter-State Council as envisaged by Article 263?
(a) To inquire into and advise upon disputes between States.
(b) To investigate and discuss subjects of common interest between the Union and States.
(c) To make recommendations for better coordination of policy and action.
(d) To allocate seats in the Parliament among the States.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The Inter-State Council’s functions are primarily related to inter-governmental coordination and dispute resolution. The allocation of seats in the Parliament among the States is determined by constitutional provisions and Delimitation Commissions.
27. The spirit of cooperation and coordination among States in India is best reflected in:
(a) The strict adherence to the principle of State autonomy without any inter-dependence.
(b) The existence of mechanisms like the Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils.
(c) The frequent use of the President’s Rule in various States.
(d) The uniform application of all Union laws without considering State-specific needs.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The establishment and functioning of bodies like the Inter-State Council and the Zonal Councils demonstrate a commitment to fostering cooperation and coordination among the States and between the Union and the States.
28. Which of the following can act as a unifying force promoting better Inter-State Relations?
(a) Diverse economic development models adopted by each State.
(b) A common administrative framework provided by the All India Services.
(c) Strong regional political parties with limited inter-State interaction.
(d) The imposition of uniform cultural norms across the country.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The All India Services (IAS, IPS, IFoS) provide a common administrative framework and a cadre of officers who serve in different States but are recruited and trained by the Union. This can facilitate better understanding and coordination between the States.
29. Restrictions on inter-State trade and commerce imposed by a State to deal with a scarcity of essential goods within the State are:
(a) Absolutely prohibited under Article 304(a).
(b) Permissible if they are non-discriminatory and in the public interest with the President’s prior sanction under Article 304(b).
(c) Valid only if approved by a resolution of the Parliament.
(d) Subject to review by the Inter-State Council.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 304(b) allows a State to impose reasonable restrictions on trade, commerce, or intercourse within its territory or with other States if required in the public interest, but this necessitates the prior sanction of the President to prevent protectionist measures.
30. The primary aim of ensuring “freedom of inter-State trade, commerce and intercourse” (Article 301) is to:
(a) Allow States to impose tariffs on goods from other States to protect local industries.
(b) Create an economic barrier between different regions of the country.
(c) Ensure a free flow of goods and services throughout the territory of India without internal barriers.
(d) Promote the dominance of economically stronger States over weaker ones.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Article 301 enshrines the principle that trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free. This provision aims to create a unified economic space within India, facilitating the movement of goods and services without undue restrictions imposed by individual States.
31. Which of the following can be a mechanism for fostering greater understanding and cooperation among States with different linguistic backgrounds?
(a) Promoting a single national language to ensure uniformity.
(b) Encouraging inter-State cultural exchange programs and tourism.
(c) Restricting the movement of people between States with different languages.
(d) Emphasizing linguistic regionalism and the distinctiveness of each State.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Encouraging cultural exchange programs, promoting tourism between States, and fostering interactions among people from different linguistic backgrounds can help break down barriers, promote understanding, and strengthen inter-State relations.
32. The role of the Union Government in resolving inter-State disputes is primarily that of a:
(a) Direct adjudicator with binding powers.
(b) Facilitator, coordinator, and enforcer of constitutional and legal provisions.
(c) Biased party favoring States ruled by the same political party.
(d) Passive observer, leaving the States to resolve their issues bilaterally.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Union Government plays a crucial role in facilitating discussions, coordinating efforts through bodies like the Inter-State Council, and ensuring the enforcement of constitutional and legal provisions related to inter-State relations, including those concerning water disputes and trade.
33. Which of the following is a potential consequence of a lack of effective coordination on law and order issues between neighboring States?
(a) Increased efficiency in crime prevention due to localized approaches.
(b) Safe havens for criminals operating across State borders.
(c) Reduced inter-State movement of people and goods.
(d) Greater autonomy for State police forces.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Lack of coordination in law enforcement can allow criminals to easily cross State borders to evade arrest and operate in areas where the police from one State have limited jurisdiction, creating safe havens.
34. The concept of “competitive federalism” in the context of Inter-State Relations refers to:
(a) States competing with each other to attract investment and resources.
(b) The Union Government promoting rivalry among States to maintain control.
(c) States refusing to cooperate on issues of mutual interest.
(d) A system where States have equal powers and resources.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Competitive federalism describes a situation where States within a federal system actively compete with each other to attract investment, improve infrastructure, and enhance their economic and social indicators, often leading to innovation and better governance.
35. Which of the following can be a positive outcome of healthy Inter-State Relations?
(a) Increased regional disparities due to differential growth rates.
(b) Better coordination in addressing common challenges like environmental protection and disaster management.
(c) The formation of exclusive economic zones by individual States.
(d) A decline in national unity and integration.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Strong inter-State relations facilitate better cooperation and coordination in tackling shared challenges such as environmental degradation, natural disasters, and public health crises, leading to more effective solutions.
36. The power to constitute tribunals for the adjudication of inter-State river water disputes is vested in:
(a) The Supreme Court of India.
(b) The President of India.
(c) The Parliament of India.
(d) A joint resolution of the concerned State Legislatures.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Under Article 262 and the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, the power to constitute tribunals for the adjudication of disputes relating to the waters of inter-State rivers and river valleys rests with the Parliament.
37. Which of the following is a constitutional provision aimed at ensuring uniformity and preventing discrimination in inter-State trade and commerce?
(a) Article 246 (Distribution of Legislative Powers).
(b) Article 301 (Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse).
(c) Article 356 (Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States).
(d) Article 368 (Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution).
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 301 declares that trade, commerce, and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free, laying the foundation for a unified economic space and preventing discriminatory barriers between States.
38. The Inter-State Council is primarily a:
(a) Judicial body for resolving disputes.
(b) Legislative body for making inter-State laws.
(c) Consultative and deliberative body for promoting cooperation.
(d) Financial body for allocating resources between States.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Inter-State Council is mainly a consultative and deliberative body that provides a platform for discussion and recommendation on issues of common interest between the Union and the States, thereby promoting cooperation.
39. Which of the following can hinder effective Inter-State cooperation on issues like crime control?
(a) Uniformity in police procedures across all States.
(b) Sharing of intelligence and best practices between State police forces.
(c) Jurisdictional limitations and lack of seamless coordination.
(d) Standardized training for police personnel in all States.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Jurisdictional limitations, where the authority of one State’s police force ends at its border, and a lack of seamless coordination mechanisms can significantly hinder effective inter-State cooperation on crime control, especially for crimes that transcend State boundaries.
40. The concept of “economic federalism” in the context of Inter-State Relations includes:
(a) The power of each State to have its own currency.
(b) The free movement of goods, services, and people across State borders.
(c) The imposition of high tariffs on goods from other States to protect local industries.
(d) The complete financial independence of each State from the Union.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Economic federalism in the context of inter-State relations emphasizes the creation of a common economic space where there is freedom of movement for goods, services, and people, contributing to national economic integration.
41. Which of the following is a constitutional provision that facilitates inter-State administrative cooperation?
(a) Article 3 (Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States).
(b) Article 258 (Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases).
(c) Article 280 (Finance Commission).
(d) Article 370 (Special provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir – now repealed).
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Article 258 allows the President, with the consent of the Governor of a State, to entrust either conditionally or unconditionally to that State or to its officers functions in relation to any matter to which the executive power of the Union extends. This promotes administrative cooperation.
42. The primary role of the Supreme Court in inter-State disputes is that of a:
(a) Political mediator.
(b) Legal adjudicator.
(c) Policy advisor.
(d) Financial regulator.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Under its original jurisdiction (Article 131), the Supreme Court acts as a legal adjudicator, resolving disputes between two or more States by interpreting the Constitution and relevant laws.
43. Which of the following can be a challenge in ensuring the smooth functioning of inter-State transport?
(a) Uniformity in traffic regulations and permit systems across States.
(b) Coordinated planning for inter-State highways and railways.
(c) Differing tax structures on vehicles and goods transport in different States.
(d) Seamless integration of public transport systems across State borders.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Differing tax structures on vehicles and goods transport in different States can create complexities, increase costs, and hinder the smooth flow of inter-State transport.
44. The Inter-State Council submits its recommendations to:
(a) The President of India.
(b) The Parliament of India.
(c) The Prime Minister of India.
(d) The National Development Council (now NITI Aayog).
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Inter-State Council, which is chaired by the Prime Minister, typically submits its recommendations on matters of inter-State relations and Union-State relations to the Prime Minister and the Union Government for consideration.
45. Which of the following can foster a sense of shared identity and improve Inter-State Relations?
(a) Promoting distinct regional cultures and discouraging intermingling.
(b) Emphasizing historical conflicts and rivalries between States.
(c) Celebrating national festivals and promoting national symbols.
(d) Restricting inter-State travel and communication.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Celebrating national festivals, promoting national symbols, and highlighting shared aspects of Indian culture and history can foster a sense of national identity that transcends State boundaries and improves inter-State relations.
46. The power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State falls under the:
(a) Jurisdiction of the Parliament.
(b) Jurisdiction of the State within whose geographical proximity the territory lies.
(c) Joint jurisdiction of the Parliament and the neighboring State.
(d) Executive authority of the President.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Entry 97 of the Union List (residuary powers) and Article 246(4) grant the Parliament the power to make laws with respect to any matter for any part of the territory of India not included in a State, such as Union Territories.
47. Effective Inter-State cooperation is crucial for addressing which of the following transnational issues?
(a) Localized law and order problems within a single State.
(b) Management of resources that are entirely within the boundaries of one State.
(c) Combating terrorism and organized crime that often operate across State borders.
(d) Implementation of State-specific welfare schemes.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Terrorism and organized crime often have inter-State and even international linkages. Effective cooperation and intelligence sharing between the police forces and other agencies of different States are essential to combat these transnational issues.
48. Which of the following principles should guide the resolution of inter-State river water disputes in a fair and equitable manner?
(a) The principle of absolute sovereignty of each State over the water flowing through it.
(b) The principle of equitable apportionment considering the needs and interests of all riparian States.
(c) The principle of prioritizing the needs of the State where the river originates.
(d) The principle of resolving disputes based on historical usage patterns alone.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The principle of equitable apportionment, which takes into account the needs and interests of all States that share a river, is generally considered the fairest and most sustainable approach to resolving inter-State river water disputes.
49. The establishment of common educational standards and curricula across States can promote:
(a) Linguistic diversity and regional variations in education.
(b) National integration and mobility of students and workforce.
(c) Greater autonomy for each State in designing its education system.
(d) The preservation of unique cultural traditions within each State.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: While respecting diversity is important, establishing certain common educational standards and curricula can facilitate national integration, make it easier for students to move between States, and create a more skilled and mobile national workforce.
50. In the context of Inter-State Relations, the term “harmonization of laws” refers to:
(a) Making all State laws identical to Union laws.
(b) Bringing about greater uniformity and reducing inconsistencies between the laws of different States on similar subjects.
(c) Allowing each State to have completely independent legal systems.
(d) Prioritizing the laws of economically stronger States over weaker ones.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Harmonization of laws among different States aims to reduce legal complexities, facilitate inter-State transactions and interactions, and ensure a greater degree of uniformity on matters where such consistency is beneficial without necessarily making all laws identical.
Inter-State Relations form a key part of India’s cooperative federalism. By practicing these MCQs with explanations, you not only revise essential constitutional provisions but also build conceptual clarity for both Prelims and Mains.
Continue practicing topic-wise questions and explore more MCQ sets on Indian Polity to fine-tune your preparation strategy for UPSC and similar exams. Precision and practice go hand in hand!