The Parliamentary System of Government is a cornerstone of Indian polity and a frequently tested topic in exams like the UPSC Civil Services Examination, State PSCs, SSC, and other competitive tests. Mastering this concept requires not just reading theory, but also practicing multiple-choice questions that test understanding, application, and elimination skills.
In this post, we bring you a curated set of MCQs on the Parliamentary System—each with detailed answers and explanations. These questions are designed to help aspirants consolidate their knowledge, spot common traps, and gain confidence for the Prelims and other objective-type exams.
Parliamentary System MCQs and Answers
1. Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic distinguishing a Parliamentary system from a Presidential system of government?
(a) Separation of powers between the legislature, executive, and judiciary.
(b) Fusion of powers between the executive and the legislature.
(c) A written constitution outlining the structure of governance.
(d) Regular elections for the head of the state.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The core distinction lies in the relationship between the executive and the legislature. In a Parliamentary system, the executive (Prime Minister and Council of Ministers) is drawn from and responsible to the legislature. In contrast, a Presidential system features a strict separation of powers with an independently elected executive.
2. The concept of “collective responsibility” in a Parliamentary system implies that:
(a) All members of Parliament are responsible for the actions of any individual member.
(b) The Council of Ministers is jointly responsible to the legislature for its policies and actions.
(c) Individual ministers are solely responsible for the functioning of their respective departments.
(d) The Prime Minister is individually accountable to the President for the government’s performance.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Collective responsibility is a cornerstone of the Parliamentary system. It means that the entire Council of Ministers stands or falls together. If the legislature expresses a lack of confidence in the government, the entire cabinet must resign.
3. Which of the following features is NOT typically associated with a Parliamentary form of government?
(a) Nominal and real heads of the state.
(b) The principle of ministerial responsibility.
(c) A fixed term for the head of the government.
(d) The possibility of dissolution of the lower house of the legislature.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: In most Parliamentary systems, the head of government (Prime Minister) does not have a fixed term. They remain in power as long as they maintain the confidence of the legislature. The legislature can remove them through a vote of no confidence.
4. Consider the following statements regarding the role of the Head of State in a Parliamentary system:
- They are the nominal executive authority.
- They are usually directly elected by the people.
- They play a crucial role in the formation of the government after a general election.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Head of State (like the President in India or the Monarch in the UK) is typically the nominal executive head and plays a significant role in inviting the leader of the majority party (or coalition) to form the government. However, they are not usually directly elected in a Parliamentary system; they might be indirectly elected or hereditary.
5. A “shadow cabinet” is a feature commonly found in:
(a) Presidential systems with a strong opposition.
(b) Parliamentary systems, particularly in countries with a two-party system.
(c) Federal systems with significant regional representation.
(d) Unitary systems with a dominant ruling party.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A shadow cabinet is a team of senior members of the opposition party who mirror the portfolios of the government’s ministers. It is a key feature in Parliamentary systems, especially where a strong opposition is present and ready to form an alternative government.
6. The power of the legislature to remove the executive through a vote of no confidence is a manifestation of:
(a) The principle of separation of powers.
(b) The principle of parliamentary sovereignty.
(c) The principle of judicial review.
(d) The principle of ministerial responsibility.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: The vote of no confidence directly reflects the principle of ministerial responsibility, where the executive (Council of Ministers) is accountable to the legislature and must maintain its confidence to stay in power.
7. In a Parliamentary system, the dissolution of the lower house of the legislature typically leads to:
(a) The immediate resignation of the Head of State.
(b) The formation of a caretaker government.
(c) The transfer of executive powers to the judiciary.
(d) A period of rule by presidential ordinance.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: When the lower house is dissolved, the existing government usually continues as a caretaker government to handle day-to-day affairs until a new government is formed after fresh elections.
8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the executive and the legislature in the Indian Parliamentary system?
(a) Strict separation with checks and balances.
(b) Close cooperation and interdependence.
(c) Subordination of the legislature to the executive.
(d) Dominance of the executive over the legislature.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Indian system, like other Parliamentary systems, is characterized by a close relationship and interdependence between the executive (Council of Ministers) and the legislature (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). The executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature.
9. The concept of “parliamentary sovereignty” implies that:
(a) The Parliament is the supreme legal authority and can make or unmake any law.
(b) The judiciary has the final say on the interpretation of laws passed by the Parliament.
(c) The executive is not accountable to the Parliament for its actions.
(d) The Head of State holds ultimate authority over parliamentary decisions.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: Parliamentary sovereignty, primarily associated with the UK’s system, means that Parliament is the highest legal authority and its laws cannot be overturned by any other body, including the judiciary. However, in systems with a written constitution and judicial review (like India), this principle is modified.
10. Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of a Parliamentary system?
(a) Lack of a fixed term for the government can lead to instability.
(b) Difficulty in achieving consensus due to the separation of powers.
(c) Tendency towards executive tyranny due to the concentration of power.
(d) Rigidity in policy-making due to the lengthy legislative process.
Answer: (a)
Explanation: The lack of a fixed term for the government in a Parliamentary system can sometimes lead to political instability if coalition governments are fragile or if there are frequent votes of no confidence.
11. The “Westminster model” of parliamentary democracy is primarily associated with:
(a) The United States of America.
(b) The United Kingdom.
(c) The Federal Republic of Germany.
(d) The Republic of France.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Westminster model refers to the parliamentary system as it evolved in the United Kingdom, characterized by features like a fusion of powers, a cabinet government, and a strong opposition.
12. Consider the following features:
- Fusion of executive and legislative powers.
- Responsibility of the executive to the legislature.
- A directly elected head of state with significant executive powers.
Which of these features are characteristic of a Parliamentary system?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Features 1 and 2 (fusion of powers and executive responsibility to the legislature) are hallmarks of a Parliamentary system. Feature 3 describes a key aspect of a Presidential system.
13. In a Parliamentary system, the leader of the majority party in the lower house typically becomes the:
(a) Head of State.
(b) Head of Government (Prime Minister).
(c) Speaker of the lower house.
(d) Leader of the Opposition.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The leader of the party that commands a majority in the lower house (like the Lok Sabha in India or the House of Commons in the UK) is usually invited by the Head of State to form the government as the Prime Minister.
14. The concept of “individual ministerial responsibility” implies that:
(a) Each minister is collectively responsible for all government decisions.
(b) Each minister is responsible to the legislature for the functioning of their own ministry.
(c) Ministers are individually appointed and can be dismissed only by the Head of State.
(d) Individual ministers are not accountable to the legislature.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Individual ministerial responsibility holds each minister accountable to the legislature for the policies, actions, and administration of their specific government department. They can be questioned, criticized, and even held responsible for failures within their ministry.
15. Which of the following scenarios could lead to a vote of no confidence in a Parliamentary system?
- The government loses a crucial vote on a finance bill.
- A significant number of ruling party members defect to the opposition.
- The Head of State publicly expresses dissatisfaction with the government’s policies.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A vote of no confidence is typically triggered by the legislature losing faith in the government’s ability to command a majority. Losing a crucial vote (like on a finance bill) or a significant loss of support within the ruling party are grounds for such a vote. The Head of State’s opinion usually does not directly trigger a no-confidence vote.
16. In a Parliamentary system, the opposition party plays a crucial role by:
(a) Supporting all government policies to ensure stability.
(b) Providing an alternative government and scrutinizing the actions of the ruling party.
(c) Directly controlling the legislative agenda.
(d) Appointing members to key executive positions.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The opposition in a Parliamentary system acts as a critical check on the government. It scrutinizes government policies, offers alternative viewpoints, and stands ready to form a government if the ruling party loses confidence.
17. Which of the following is NOT a typical power of the Head of State in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Summoning and proroguing the legislature.
(b) Dissolving the lower house of the legislature.
(c) Appointing the Prime Minister.
(d) Formulating and implementing government policies independently.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: While the Head of State formally exercises many executive powers, in practice, they act on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. Formulating and implementing policies is primarily the function of the executive headed by the Prime Minister.
18. The “fusion of powers” in a Parliamentary system means that:
(a) The judiciary has the power to review legislative and executive actions.
(b) Members of the executive are also members of the legislature.
(c) The powers of the central government are divided between different levels of government.
(d) Different branches of the government operate independently without any overlap.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Fusion of powers is a key characteristic where the executive (Prime Minister and ministers) is drawn from and remains accountable to the legislature. This contrasts with the separation of powers in a Presidential system.
19. Which of the following is a potential strength of a Parliamentary system?
(a) Greater stability of the executive due to a fixed term.
(b) Closer cooperation and coordination between the executive and the legislature.
(c) Reduced risk of executive overreach due to the strict separation of powers.
(d) Faster decision-making due to the concentration of power in the executive.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The close relationship between the executive and the legislature in a Parliamentary system can facilitate better cooperation and coordination in policy-making and implementation.
20. In the context of a Parliamentary system, what is a “whip”?
(a) A senior minister responsible for financial matters.
(b) An official in each party who ensures party discipline and attendance for key votes.
(c) The presiding officer of the upper house of the legislature.
(d) A legislative committee that scrutinizes government expenditure.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A whip is a crucial party official in a Parliamentary system. They are responsible for ensuring that party members attend important votes and vote according to the party line, maintaining party discipline.
21. Consider the following statements about the Indian Parliamentary system:
- The President is the nominal head of the state.
- The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Rajya Sabha.
- The Prime Minister is the real head of the government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as the President is the constitutional head. Statement 3 is also correct as the Prime Minister wields real executive power. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha (the lower house).
22. Which of the following is a key difference between the Indian Rajya Sabha and the British House of Lords?
(a) The Rajya Sabha has elected members, while the House of Lords is entirely nominated.
(b) The Rajya Sabha can initiate money bills, while the House of Lords cannot.
(c) The Rajya Sabha has a fixed number of members, while the House of Lords does not.
(d) The Rajya Sabha can remove the government through a vote of no confidence, while the House of Lords cannot.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Rajya Sabha has a fixed number of members (currently 245), while the House of Lords does not have a fixed size. While the House of Lords has undergone reforms, it still retains a significant number of hereditary peers and life peers, unlike the Rajya Sabha which primarily consists of elected and nominated members. The power to initiate money bills and remove the government lies primarily with the lower house in both systems.
23. The principle of “secrecy of proceedings” is generally NOT applicable to:
(a) Cabinet meetings.
(b) Deliberations within parliamentary committees.
(c) Open sessions of the legislature.
(d) Discussions between the President and the Prime Minister.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Open sessions of the legislature are meant to be public, allowing citizens to observe the proceedings and hold their representatives accountable. Cabinet meetings, parliamentary committee deliberations (to a certain extent), and high-level executive discussions often involve a degree of confidentiality.
24. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Parliamentary system that can sometimes lead to “elective dictatorship” (as described by Lord Hailsham)?
(a) A strong and independent judiciary that can overrule parliamentary legislation.
(b) A powerful executive that commands a majority in the legislature.
(c) A rigid constitutional framework that limits the powers of the government.
(d) A bicameral legislature with equal powers for both houses.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The term “elective dictatorship” refers to a situation where a government with a strong majority in the legislature can potentially push through legislation without sufficient scrutiny or opposition, effectively wielding significant power until the next election.
25. In a Parliamentary system, the process of “question hour” is significant because it:
(a) Allows the government to introduce new legislation.
(b) Provides an opportunity for legislators to scrutinize government policies and actions.
(c) Is a formal vote on the government’s budget proposals.
(d) Marks the beginning of the parliamentary session.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Question Hour is a designated time in the parliamentary sitting when members of the legislature can ask questions to ministers about their portfolios and government policies, holding the executive accountable.
26. Which of the following is NOT a typical method by which the legislature exercises control over the executive in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Passing a vote of no confidence.
(b) Holding debates and discussions on government policies.
(c) Impeaching the Head of State.
(d) Examining government finances through parliamentary committees.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Impeachment is usually a process for removing the Head of State (President or Monarch) and is not a direct mechanism for the legislature to control the day-to-day functioning of the executive (Prime Minister and Council of Ministers) in the same way as a vote of no confidence or scrutiny through debates and committees.
27. A coalition government is more likely to occur in a Parliamentary system with:
(a) A dominant single-party system.
(b) A two-party system with clear majorities.
(c) A multi-party system where no single party secures a majority.
(d) A system with reserved seats for specific groups ensuring representation.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: When a multi-party system exists and no single party wins a clear majority in the elections, different parties often come together to form a coalition government to achieve a working majority in the legislature.
28. The principle of “ministerial solidarity” is closely related to:
(a) Individual ministerial responsibility.
(b) Collective responsibility.
(c) The separation of powers.
(d) The independence of the judiciary.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Ministerial solidarity is an aspect of collective responsibility. It means that all members of the Council of Ministers must publicly support government policies, even if they had differing opinions during internal discussions. If a minister cannot publicly support a policy, they are expected to resign.
29. Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the Speaker in a Parliamentary system?
(a) They are the head of the government and chair cabinet meetings.
(b) They are a member of the judiciary and interpret parliamentary laws.
(c) They are the presiding officer of the lower house and maintain order and decorum.
(d) They are the leader of the opposition party.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The Speaker is the presiding officer of the lower house of the legislature (like the Lok Sabha or House of Commons). Their primary role is to maintain order, regulate debates, and ensure the smooth functioning of the House.
30. In a Parliamentary system, the executive derives its legitimacy and authority from:
(a) Direct election by the people for a fixed term.
(b) Maintaining the confidence of the legislature.
(c) Appointment by an independent constitutional body.
(d) The support of the judiciary.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The executive (government) in a Parliamentary system remains in power as long as it commands the confidence (majority support) of the legislature. If it loses this confidence, it must resign.
31. Which of the following is a potential drawback of the close relationship between the executive and legislature in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Difficulty in passing legislation due to executive dominance.
(b) Reduced accountability of the executive to the legislature.
(c) Increased risk of legislative gridlock due to separation of powers.
(d) Potential for the executive to become overly powerful if it enjoys a strong majority.
Answer: (d)
Explanation: While cooperation is a strength, a very strong majority for the executive can sometimes lead to less effective scrutiny and a potential for the executive to dominate the legislative agenda.
32. The concept of “responsible government” in a Parliamentary system primarily refers to the:
(a) Government’s responsibility to implement judicial pronouncements.
(b) Government’s accountability to the legislature.
(c) Government’s obligation to follow the directives of the Head of State.
(d) Government’s duty to conduct free and fair elections.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: “Responsible government” is another term for the principle that the executive (Council of Ministers) is accountable to and must retain the confidence of the legislature.
33. Which of the following is NOT a typical function of the legislature in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Making laws.
(b) Controlling the finances of the state.
(c) Interpreting laws and adjudicating disputes.
(d) Scrutinizing and holding the executive accountable.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Interpreting laws and adjudicating disputes is primarily the function of the judiciary, which is generally independent in a Parliamentary system, even though there is a fusion of powers between the executive and legislature.
34. In a Parliamentary system, a “by-election” is held when:
(a) The government completes its full term and a general election is due.
(b) A seat in the legislature becomes vacant due to reasons like death or resignation.
(c) There is a tie in the general election results.
(d) The government seeks a fresh mandate after a vote of no confidence.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A by-election is a special election held to fill a vacant seat in the legislature that has occurred between general elections due to events like the death, resignation, or disqualification of a sitting member.
35. Consider the following features:
- A cabinet headed by a Prime Minister.
- A Head of State who is largely ceremonial.
- A legislature that is supreme in all matters.
Which of these are defining characteristics of the Westminster model of Parliamentary democracy?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Westminster model is characterized by a cabinet headed by a Prime Minister (the real executive) and a largely ceremonial Head of State (like the monarch in the UK). While parliamentary sovereignty is a key aspect of the UK system, in many Westminster-derived systems (like India), the constitution is supreme, and Parliament’s powers are defined by it.
36. Which of the following can be a consequence of a hung parliament in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Automatic dissolution of the legislature and fresh elections.
(b) Formation of a coalition government or a minority government.
(c) Transfer of executive powers to the judiciary until a majority is formed.
(d) The Head of State assuming direct executive control.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A hung parliament occurs when no single party wins a majority of seats in the legislature. In such a situation, the most likely outcomes are the formation of a coalition government (where two or more parties join together to form a majority) or a minority government (where a single party governs with the support of other parties on specific issues).
37. The principle of “parliamentary privilege” refers to:
(a) The right of individual citizens to petition Parliament.
(b) The special rights and immunities enjoyed by members of Parliament.
(c) The power of the Parliament to amend the constitution without external consent.
(d) The convention of consulting parliamentary committees on all major policy decisions.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Parliamentary privileges are certain rights, immunities, and powers enjoyed by members of Parliament and the Parliament as a whole. These are essential for them to effectively carry out their duties without fear of interference.
38. Which of the following is a key advantage often cited in favor of a Parliamentary system over a Presidential system?
(a) Greater stability and continuity of the executive.
(b) Clearer separation of powers preventing concentration of authority.
(c) Greater responsiveness of the executive to the legislature and public opinion.
(d) Faster and more decisive decision-making by the executive.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Proponents of the Parliamentary system argue that the executive, being drawn from and accountable to the legislature, is more responsive to the will of the people as expressed through their elected representatives.
39. In a Parliamentary system, the “Leader of the Opposition” typically holds a significant position because they:
(a) Preside over the upper house of the legislature.
(b) Head the shadow cabinet and provide an alternative government.
(c) Have the power to veto government legislation.
(d) Appoint members to key parliamentary committees.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The Leader of the Opposition is the head of the largest party not in government and leads the shadow cabinet, effectively functioning as the head of the alternative government and playing a crucial role in scrutinizing the ruling party.
40. Which of the following is a scenario where the Head of State in a Parliamentary system might exercise some discretionary powers?
(a) When the ruling party has a clear and undisputed majority.
(b) During the routine passage of government bills in the legislature.
(c) In the formation of a government after a general election where no single party has a clear majority.
(d) When acting on the unanimous advice of the Council of Ministers.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: In situations where no single party secures a clear majority after an election (a hung parliament), the Head of State may have some discretion in deciding whom to invite to form the government and how long to give them to prove their majority.
41. The concept of “parliamentary accountability” encompasses:
- The executive being answerable to the legislature.
- Individual ministers being responsible for their departments.
- The legislature’s oversight of government finances.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2, and 3
Answer: (d)
Explanation: Parliamentary accountability is a broad concept that includes all these aspects: the executive’s overall responsibility to the legislature, individual ministerial responsibility, and the legislature’s control over public finances.
42. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Head of Government and the Head of State in a typical Parliamentary system?
(a) They are the same person, wielding both nominal and real executive powers.
(b) The Head of Government is subordinate to the directly elected Head of State.
(c) The Head of State is the nominal head, while the Head of Government is the real executive.
(d) They are co-equals with distinct but overlapping executive functions.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: In most Parliamentary systems, there is a distinction between the Head of State (often a President or Monarch with largely ceremonial roles) and the Head of Government (the Prime Minister, who wields real executive power).
43. A “confidence motion” is moved in the legislature to:
(a) Introduce a new bill of national importance.
(b) Express the legislature’s trust in the government.
(c) Initiate impeachment proceedings against the Head of State.
(d) Adjourn the current session of the Parliament.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: A confidence motion is a vote sought by the government to demonstrate that it still commands the support (confidence) of the majority in the legislature.
44. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of parliamentary committees?
(a) They are composed of members of the legislature.
(b) They scrutinize legislation and government policies in detail.
(c) Their proceedings are always open to the public and media.
(d) They provide a platform for cross-party dialogue and consensus-building.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: While some committee proceedings might be public, many involve detailed and often sensitive discussions that are not always open to the public and media to allow for frank and in-depth deliberation.
45. The concept of “dissolution of the legislature” in a Parliamentary system means:
(a) The removal of the Head of Government through a vote of no confidence.
(b) The suspension of parliamentary proceedings for a specific period.
(c) The termination of the current term of the legislature, leading to fresh elections.
(d) The impeachment of the Speaker of the lower house.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Dissolution of the legislature marks the end of its current term. This typically leads to the calling of fresh elections to form a new legislature and government.
46. Which of the following is a potential challenge associated with coalition governments in a Parliamentary system?
(a) Increased stability and longevity of the government.
(b) Greater ease in policy formulation and implementation due to broad consensus.
(c) Potential for instability due to conflicting interests and pressures from coalition partners.
(d) Reduced influence of smaller political parties in governance.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: Coalition governments, while necessary in multi-party systems without clear majorities, can be prone to instability due to differing ideologies and demands of the coalition partners, potentially leading to internal conflicts and government collapses.
47. In a Parliamentary system, the “budget” is typically introduced and passed in the:
(a) Upper house of the legislature.
(b) Lower house of the legislature.
(c) Joint session of both houses.
(d) A special committee appointed by the Head of State.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: In most Parliamentary systems, the budget (financial bill) is primarily introduced and passed in the lower house of the legislature, which directly represents the people. The upper house usually has limited powers regarding money bills.
48. Which of the following principles is fundamental to the functioning of a Parliamentary system?
(a) Strict adherence to the separation of powers.
(b) The supremacy of the judiciary over the legislature and executive.
(c) The accountability of the executive to the legislature.
(d) A fixed term for both the head of state and the head of government.
Answer: (c)
Explanation: The accountability of the executive (government) to the legislature is a foundational principle of the Parliamentary system. The executive derives its legitimacy from and remains responsible to the elected representatives in the legislature.
49. Consider a Parliamentary system where the Head of State has the power to send back a bill passed by the legislature for reconsideration. This is an example of:
(a) The principle of parliamentary sovereignty.
(b) A check and balance mechanism.
(c) The fusion of powers.
(d) The concept of ministerial responsibility.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The power of the Head of State to return a bill for reconsideration acts as a check on the legislature, preventing hasty or ill-considered legislation. It is a mechanism to ensure more thorough deliberation.
50. In a Parliamentary system, if the government loses a vote on a crucial policy issue but not a formal vote of no confidence, what is the likely consequence?
(a) The government must immediately resign.
(b) The government is expected to reconsider its policy.
(c) The Head of State may dismiss the government.
(d) Fresh elections are automatically called.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: Losing a vote on a significant policy issue, while not necessarily triggering an immediate vote of no confidence, signals a potential weakening of the government’s support in the legislature. It typically puts pressure on the government to reconsider its policy or face further challenges to its authority. A formal vote of no confidence is usually required to force the government’s resignation.
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